What Counts as a “Just Cause” for Eviction in Vermont?
February 19, 2025

In Vermont, tenants enjoy strong legal protections, and landlords must follow specific procedures when seeking to remove a tenant from a rental property. One of the most important requirements is having “just cause” for the eviction—especially when dealing with month-to-month or subsidized tenancies.


At Deppman Law PLC, we regularly advise both landlords and tenants on their rights and responsibilities under Vermont’s landlord-tenant laws. Today, we’ll walk through what “just cause” means, what qualifies, and how the rules apply depending on the type of tenancy.

 

What Does “Just Cause” Mean?


“Just cause” means that a landlord must have a legally valid reason to evict a tenant. In many Vermont municipalities—including Burlington and other communities with local rental ordinances—just cause eviction laws are in place to prevent landlords from evicting tenants arbitrarily or without reason.


Even where no local ordinance exists, state law still provides baseline protections. For subsidized housing (such as Section 8 or other public housing programs), federal and state rules require landlords to have just cause before terminating a lease—even at the end of the lease term.

 

Common “Just Cause” Grounds for Eviction in Vermont


While the specific language of just cause ordinances can vary slightly from one locality to another, the following are widely recognized as legal grounds for eviction in Vermont:


1. Nonpayment of Rent


This is one of the most common reasons for eviction. If a tenant fails to pay rent on time, a landlord may serve a notice to pay or quit. If payment isn’t made, the landlord can file for eviction—but only after giving proper notice, typically 14 days under Vermont law.


2. Violation of Lease Terms


If a tenant breaches a condition of the lease—such as subletting without permission, having unauthorized pets, or damaging the property—the landlord may pursue eviction. However, landlords must give the tenant written notice of the violation and may be required to give them time to correct the issue.


3. Illegal Activity


Engaging in illegal activity on the premises, such as drug use or distribution, may be grounds for immediate eviction. The landlord must still provide appropriate notice and evidence of the conduct in court.


4. Material Health and Safety Violations


If the tenant is creating conditions that endanger health or safety—for example, hoarding, failing to dispose of garbage, or disabling smoke detectors—these actions may support a just cause eviction.


5. Owner Move-In or Substantial Renovation


Some Vermont cities allow eviction if the landlord or a family member intends to move into the unit or if the property requires major renovations that necessitate vacancy. This must be handled carefully and often requires advance notice (typically 90 days) and documentation.


6. Refusal to Sign a New Lease (If Reasonable)


If a tenant refuses to sign a lease renewal with reasonable and legal changes, this may be considered just cause for non-renewal or eviction.

 

What Is Not Just Cause?


Landlords cannot evict tenants for discriminatory reasons, retaliate against tenants for asserting their legal rights (like complaining to the health department), or remove tenants without cause if local ordinances require it.


For example:


  • A tenant cannot be evicted simply because the landlord wants a different tenant.
  • You cannot evict a tenant for reporting code violations or requesting repairs.
  • You cannot remove a tenant based on race, gender, family status, religion, or other protected categories under state and federal fair housing laws.

 

Just Cause Requirements Vary by Municipality


Some Vermont towns and cities—most notably Burlington—have their own “just cause eviction” ordinances that provide additional tenant protections. For example, Burlington’s ordinance passed in 2022 requires landlords to have just cause for any termination of a residential lease, including month-to-month leases.


Landlords operating in these municipalities must be careful to comply not only with state law but also with local ordinances, which may require longer notice periods or restrict certain grounds for eviction altogether.

 

The Importance of Proper Procedure


Even with just cause, landlords must follow specific legal procedures for eviction. This includes:


  • Serving the correct type of notice (14, 30, or 60 days depending on the cause and lease type)
  • Filing a court complaint if the tenant doesn’t vacate
  • Obtaining a court order for eviction—self-help evictions are illegal in Vermont


Failure to follow these steps can delay the process and may expose the landlord to legal liability.

 

Contact Deppman Law PLC Today


Whether you're a landlord trying to understand your rights or a tenant facing eviction, Vermont’s landlord-tenant laws can be complex—and the consequences of missteps can be serious. At Deppman Law PLC, we help clients across Vermont resolve rental disputes, comply with local ordinances, and protect their legal interests. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and get experienced guidance tailored to your situation.

What Happens to the House in a Vermont Divorce?

March 21, 2025
For many couples, the family home is more than just their biggest financial asset—it’s also where memories were made, children were raised, and routines were built. So when a marriage ends, one of the most emotionally and financially significant questions becomes: What happens to the house? In Vermont, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. The outcome depends on a range of factors, including how the property was acquired, whose name is on the deed, and what’s considered “equitable” under state law. Vermont Is an Equitable Distribution State Unlike community property states, where marital assets are divided 50/50, Vermont follows equitable distribution rules. That means the court aims for a division of property that is fair, but not necessarily equal. When it comes to the house, the court will look at the full picture to determine who should receive it—or whether it should be sold. Is the Home Marital Property? The first step in deciding what happens to the house is to determine whether it’s considered marital property or separate property. Marital property generally includes any property acquired by either spouse during the marriage, regardless of whose name is on the deed. Separate property is usually property owned by one spouse before the marriage, inherited individually, or received as a gift—though even separate property can become marital under certain conditions. For example, if one spouse bought the home before the marriage but both spouses contributed to the mortgage or improvements, the house (or at least part of its value) may be treated as marital property. What Factors Does the Court Consider? When deciding what to do with the house, Vermont courts look at a number of factors to determine what’s fair. These include: The length of the marriage Each spouse’s contributions (financial and non-financial) The needs of any children Each spouse’s earning potential and financial circumstances Whether one spouse wants to keep the home and can afford to do so Whether one spouse has primary custody of the children and would benefit from staying in the home Common Outcomes for the House in Divorce Depending on the circumstances, there are several ways the home can be handled: 1. One Spouse Buys Out the Other If one spouse wants to keep the home, they may buy out the other spouse’s share. This typically involves refinancing the mortgage in their own name and paying the other spouse their portion of the home’s equity. 2. The Home Is Sold and the Proceeds Are Split This is often the simplest option, particularly if neither spouse can afford to keep the house on their own or if neither wants it. The couple sells the house and divides the equity according to the divorce agreement or court order. 3. One Spouse Stays Temporarily In some cases, especially where children are involved, one spouse may stay in the home for a set period of time (e.g., until the youngest child turns 18), after which the home is sold and the proceeds divided. 4. Both Spouses Continue to Co-Own Rare, but possible—especially if the real estate market is poor or the home has sentimental value. This requires careful planning, clear agreements about expenses and responsibilities, and an exit plan. Don’t Forget the Tax and Mortgage Implications Whatever the outcome, it’s important to consider: Mortgage liability— If both spouses are on the mortgage, both are responsible—even if one moves out. Capital gains taxes— Selling a home may trigger taxes on the profit, though married couples can often exclude up to $500,000 in gains if certain conditions are met. Refinancing challenges— The spouse keeping the home must qualify on their own for refinancing. These financial and tax issues are why it’s important to work with both a divorce attorney and a financial advisor during this process. Need Help Managing Property Division? Contact Deppman Law PLC Dividing property—especially the family home—can be one of the most difficult aspects of divorce. At Deppman Law PLC , we’re here to help you understand your rights, evaluate your options, and reach a fair and sustainable resolution. Contact us today for a confidential consultation about your case.

Legal Considerations When Going into Business with Family or Friends

January 9, 2025
Starting a business is exciting—but starting one with family or close friends adds an extra layer of trust, enthusiasm, and shared vision. It can also add risk. At Deppman Law PLC , we often meet clients who enter into business partnerships with loved ones only to discover later that good relationships don’t always guarantee good business outcomes. The key to maintaining both a healthy business and a healthy relationship is clear communication—and proper legal planning. Here’s what every Vermont entrepreneur should know before launching a business with people they care about. 1. Treat It Like a Business—Because It Is One It’s tempting to assume that a handshake and a shared dream are enough when starting a business with someone you trust. But even the closest relationships can fray under the pressures of ownership, money, and decision-making. The best way to preserve those personal relationships is to approach the business professionally from the very beginning. That means forming the appropriate legal structure, outlining each person’s role, and addressing key “what if” scenarios while everyone is still on the same page. 2. Choose the Right Business Structure The structure you choose affects everything from taxes and liability to decision-making authority. If you’re forming a business with others, you’ll likely be considering one of the following: Limited Liability Company (LLC)— Offers flexibility and personal liability protection. You can customize roles and responsibilities in the operating agreement. Partnership— Easier to form but comes with shared liability unless limited protections are added. S Corporation— May offer tax advantages but is more complex to set up and maintain. Each has its pros and cons, and the right fit depends on your goals, risk tolerance, and financial picture. An attorney can help you weigh the options. 3. Draft a Detailed Operating or Partnership Agreement This is the most important legal document for any co-owned business—and often the most overlooked when working with family or friends. A good agreement will clearly spell out:  Ownership percentages Capital contributions (Who is putting in what money or resources?) Roles and responsibilities Decision-making authority How profits (and losses) are divided What happens if someone wants out or passes away How disputes are resolved It may feel uncomfortable to talk through these scenarios at the start, but it’s far more difficult—and costly—to address them later without a written agreement in place. 4. Plan for the “What Ifs” Every business faces bumps in the road. You and your co-owner(s) may not always agree on the direction of the business, hiring decisions, or how to reinvest profits. That’s why it’s so important to build in mechanisms for resolving disagreements before they escalate. Also think about: Exit strategies— Can one partner buy out the other? On what terms? Divorce or inheritance— What happens to an ownership share if a partner gets divorced or passes away? Disability or loss of capacity— Will there be a buyout or a transfer of management duties? A little planning now can save your business—and your relationship—later. 5. Maintain Boundaries Between Personal and Business Finances Mixing business and personal finances is one of the fastest ways to create confusion—and legal trouble. Even when working with loved ones, treat the business like a separate entity: Set up a business bank account. Document loans or capital contributions in writing. Pay yourself and your partners through proper channels. Keep clean records for tax and liability purposes. This helps reinforce professionalism and provides a clear trail if financial questions arise. 6. Don’t Skip Legal and Financial Advice Too often, people assume that involving lawyers or accountants will “complicate” a friendly business venture. In reality, professional guidance ensures you’re setting the business up for success. It helps you prevent problems—rather than clean them up later. Protect the Business and the Relationship—Talk to Deppman Law PLC Going into business with family or friends can be incredibly rewarding, but it takes careful planning and honest conversations to keep both the business and the relationship strong. At Deppman Law PLC , we help Vermont entrepreneurs navigate the legal steps to set their partnerships up for success. Contact us today to schedule a confidential consultation and learn more.